Lesson 1. Introduction.
The world in 1984 is separated into three states which have emerged from the ashes of the Second World War. Oceania covers the British Isles, the Americas, Pacific, Australia; Eurasia controls Europe and Russia; and Eastasia engulfs China, Japan, Korea, and northern India. Constant fighting between these three nations is needed to maintain peace and harmony. The story is set in London, a city in Airstrip One, a front line-province of the totalitarian superstate of Oceania.
The powerful state of Oceania is controlled by four Ministries.
- Ministry of Love controls the law and order in the state.
- Ministry of Peace deals with Oceania’s war with other nations.
- Ministry of Plenty concerns itself with rations and goods.
- Ministry of Truth which focuses on propaganda, monitors and controls the news, information, education, and art.
Orwell’s distrust of totalitarianism and betrayal of revolution can be clearly depicted in Homage to Catalonia and Animal Farm. This novel depicts what will happen if a freedom-loving city like London came under Stalin’s era of the Soviet Union. The world of 1984 additionally reflects different parts of the social and political existence of both the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
Our protagonist is 39-year-old Winston Smith. Winston is a member of the outer party, and lives in a demolished London. He grew up in an orphanage after his parents disappeared during the Civil War. The Ministry of Truth, which has unlimited authority over all media in Oceania, employs Winston at Ministry’s Record Department. His job is to alter the past by changing the newspaper, articles and other printed materials, so as to portray that the “party” had been right about everything. Since the present continually shapes the view of the past, the duty is a ceaseless one.
Orwell drew inspiration for the character of Big Brother, the leader of the ruling party, from Stalin and Hitler. He focused primarily on Stalin, even the physical appearance of Big Brother matched with Stalin more than Hitler. Big Brother controls every aspect of people’s lives whereby not only your moves are controlled, but your thoughts and feelings too.
Lesson 2. The Rebellion.
Winston, the protagonist in 1984, is a clerk in the Ministry of Truth where he rewrites the documents to imply that “the Party is never wrong”. He basically represents the common people or the ones that readers can easily relate to. He
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